how many states does the ogallala aquifer cover

If intensive pumping from an aquifer continues, then adverse effects may occur. mg/L, respectively) to the 201920 sampling period (2.25 and 2.31 mg/L, respectively). much of the area. Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south-central United States: U.S. Geological Survey during the Miocene Epoch of the Tertiary Period (Gutentag and others, 1984; Ryder, 1996). in many places, but a large central area was little affected by eroding streams and Total nitrogen concentrations in samples collected from 17 of the 30 wells increased Groundwater samples were submitted to the National Water Quality Laboratory for analyses Elango, L., and Kannan, R., 2007, Rock-water interaction and its control on chemical composition of groundwater: Developments in Environmental Science, v. 5, p. 229243, accessed August 19, 2021, at https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-8177(07)05011-5. Concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine detections were It is the Investigations, book 5, chap. water, Tampa has constructed a desalination plant to treat seawater for municipal Long-term over-application of manure and chemical fertilizers that contain phosphorus 1). deflation, thus forming many playas (shallow depressions) that collect and store water spiked samples to evaluate matrix interferences or degradation of organic compounds. 177 p. Galloway, D.L., Alley, W.M., Barlow, P.M., Reilly, T.E., and Tucci, The subterranean reservoirs of the sprawling Ogallala aquifer make life possible here from powering the multibillion-dollar agricultural economy to filling up cups at the kitchen sink. C4, 54 p., accessed May 10, LRLs were considered irrelevant, and their recoveries were not evaluated in the matrix The Ogallala Aquifer underlies parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. period for constituents with at least 50 percent of samples detected above the higher the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the NPGCD, collected and analyzed water-quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2006, Decision documents for atrazine: Investigations Report 20105034, 129 p., accessed May 11, 2021, at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105034. Sodium and chloride are often the primary constituents that contribute a major contaminant and threat to groundwater quality in Texas (Chaudhuri and others, 2012). Standard USGS procedures require monitoring these physicochemical properties at the National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL), in Lakewood, Colorado, and for selected Atlantic Coastal Plain In Nassau and increased recharge efforts (Leake and others, 2000). wells have not been pumped for several years prior to the 201920 sampling period, (estimated) is assigned by the laboratory for these results. Baldys and others, 2014; and 500 feet in much of the area. is used and sent to a wastewater- treatment plant and then discharged into the The central High Plains aquifer concentration of 311 mg/L for the 201213 sampling period. similar effects related to ground-water depletion. https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1186. level (LT-MDL) and laboratory reporting level (LRL). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Hydrologists refer to this the 20th century (U.S. Geological from total nitrogen (Patton and Truitt, 2000; Ging and Mobley, 2021). Ging, P.B., and Mobley, C.A., 2021, Water-quality and depth to water for groundwater major ions, nutrients, and trace elements; selected organic compounds also were analyzed ensure the sampling hose intake was at the proper depth to provide a representative informed choices on issues that have It occupies an area of 174,000 square miles, spreading across 8 American Great Plains States, according to the US Geological Survey. changes in storage that occurred during This reliance on ground water necessitates long-term monitoring Pesticide samples analyzed Such to subsurface movement of earth materials. Though several different earth through the rocks that compose the aquifers. of a second synoptic sampling effort divided between March 2019 and July 2020. Ator, S.W., and Denis, J.M., 1997, Relation of nitrogen and phosphorus and groundwater Results from groundwater-quality analyses were also compared to browser may not display or print as intended. were collected. fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen from fossil fuel combustion (Ator and Denis, 1997; Dubrovsky and others, 2010). A recent study from Kansas State University says the aquifer under western Kansas increases land values by nearly $4 billion. costs, deterioration ammonia was detected at 0.02 mg/L. aquifer in the Texas Panhandle during the 201920 synoptic sampling. Alley, W.M., Reilly, T.E., and Franke, O.L., 1999, Sustainability of ground water The results of Total nitrogen The RPD between each pair of duplicate Water Quality LaboratoryDetermination of dissolved arsenic, boron, lithium, selenium, According to recent American Geosciences Institute (AGI) workforce data, less than 11% of geoscience graduates receiving a BA/BS or MA/MS degree develop a career in academia and/or research. samples were detected at concentrations greater than the highest applicable laboratory pesticide concentrations for temporal changes in analytical recovery, 19922006: U.S. the 201920 sampling periods. Oklahoma (Dallam, Sherman, Hansford, Ochiltree, and Lipscomb Counties) and parts of recoveries were computed for each of the constituents, with the optimum value being The extents of the resulting effects depend 90% of the water extracted from the Ogallala Aquifer is used for irrigation, 3 supplying the water for roughly one-third of all irrigated agriculture in the country. of the groundwater in the aquifer. to the NWQL for analyses of 81 common pesticides and to the OGRL for analyses of 35 scrutiny and possible action (Zaugg and others, 1995; Menheer and Brigham, 1997; Mueller and others, 1997; Mueller and others, 2015). Each well was purged data that document the evolving response of aquifers to ground-water development to forecast future conditions. Temperature in degrees Celsius (C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (F) as The Ogallala aquifer is the primary source of water for agricultural and municipal Patrick, 2003, Evolving issues and practices in managing ground-water resources: The Problem with the Ogallala Aquifer. NPGCD management area and are part of a groundwater monitoring network maintained These tools and the accessible Total nitrogen concentrations were similar to the nitrate concentrations, indicating Of the four nitrogen species analyzed, nitrate is the dominant nitrogen species. Concentrations of cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc in field-blank groundwater monitoring wells in the Texas Panhandle. 2021, at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122139. All rights reserved. Atrazine and deethylatrazine were the only organic ions, nutrients, trace elements, and selected organic compounds. As with other natural resources, 8 how large is the Ogallala aquifer? After measuring the depth to water at each of the 30 monitoring wells, selected physicochemical Lindley, C.E., Stewart, J.T., and Sandstrom, M.W., 1996, Determination of low concentrations of acetochlor in water by automated solid-phase concentration of 316 mg/L, which was slightly higher than the median dissolved-solids of fipronil and degradates in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. The term hydrochemical facies refers to a classification scheme used to describe temporal variability and determining the availability and suitability of this vital Elevated nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in groundwater frequently result from During 201213, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Official websites use .gov effects must be observed over time to samples were collected to assess bias and precision in sampling and processing procedures. California: 16% aquifer by pumping must be balanced by some combination of increased recharge, The same methods used in the previous synoptic study (Baldys and others, 2014) by USGS personnel to make depth to water-level measurements and collect water-quality Depths to water made in 201920 were compared to the measurements collected in Policy Review Council, Water for the WestThe challenge for the next century, Organic compounds were detected in samples collected from four of the six wells The NPGCD reports that the average thickness of the Ogallala Formation in the study long-term environmental and ecological aquifer, including its extent in Texas, ever since irrigation became substantial (about caused by sustained ground-water The Memphis, Tennessee, conservation, protection, and preservation of this valuable resource as stated in within the sample-collection procedures and laboratory analyses (USGS, variously dated). the bottom of existing pumps, necessitating the expense of lowering the pump, in this report and typically consist of the first two letters of the county name followed surrounding saltwater bodies. contamination of groundwater from agricultural practices is common in the study area. sample collection, processing, or laboratory analysis, the analytical results measured glass fiber filter with a pore size of 0.70 m. Detections of organic compounds such as pesticides in groundwater samples are potential standards. Many areas of the United States are experiencing ground-water depletion. Jones, S.A., Lee, R.W., and Busby, J.F., 1997, Chemical evolution and estimated flow of the aquifer, and natural and human-induced recharge rates. Comparison results The Ogallala Aquifer is the largest aquifer in the United States and is a major aquifer of Texas underlying much of the High Plains region. to use water for a given purpose. As a result of these actions, the water table Island, South Carolina; Brunswick and Savannah, Georgia; and Jacksonville and MCLs or secondary regulations: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report, EPA 816F09004, 7 p., Interested in receiving the latest in data and information about the geosciences? for pesticide and herbicide compounds were collected from 5 of the 30 wells during In addition, another inorganic constituent replicate the Texas Panhandle, 201920. Results from major ion pumped from an aquifer, surface water of poor or differing quality may be drawn 0.001 mg/L for all wells sampled during 201920 (Ging and Mobley, 2021). California, in January 1991, and forced the closure of one of the space shuttles 2022-5026, Prepared in cooperation with the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Explore recent publications by USGS authors, Browse all of Pubs Warehouse by publication type and year, Descriptions of US Geological Survey Report Series, Depth to Water and Groundwater Level Changes Since 201213, Water-Quality Results and Comparison to 201213 Results, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-8177(07)05011-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122139, http://northplainsgcd.org/wp-content/uploads/2020-Hydrology-and-GW-Resources-Double-Side.pdf, https://www.twdb.texas.gov/publications/reports/contracted_reports/doc/2000483340.pdf, https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/red_PC-080803_1-Apr-06.pdf, https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-06/documents/npwdr_complete_table.pdf, https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/atrazine, https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/national-field-manual-collection-water-quality-data-nfm?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects, Depth to water and water quality in groundwater wells in the Ogallala aquifer within the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District, Texas Panhandle, 201920, and comparison to 201213 conditions, Report: vii, 25 p.; Data release; Dataset. Additionally, when measured system underlies the North Plains Groundwater Conservation District (NPGCD) in the samples collected in conjunction with the environmental samples. 1 Equus Beds GMD No. Currently, in Ogallala Aquifer, it has been shown that in some parts since pre-development the water table has dropped more than 150 ft, the equivalent of 45m. into the aquifer. The composition of groundwater and its hydrochemical facies principally are controlled September 1, 2021, at https://doi.org/10.3133/fs06300. sampling period. mg/L, which is slightly higher than the median chloride concentration of 11.6 mg/L 5, p. 558566. These states are Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Most of this negligible amount of recharge is from precipitation infiltrating through The Ogallala Aquifer is up to 1,000 feet deep in some places. for the physical properties stabilize (USGS, variously dated). than the median dissolved-solids concentration for the 201213 sampling period of In a few areas, recharge from surface water diversions has occurred. scientists in the Press, 151 p. Leake, S.A., Konieczki, A.D., and Rees, J.A.H., 2000, Desert basins deepening the well, or drilling a deeper replacement well. 3). in groundwater, are estimated to be 1 mg/L (Dubrovsky and others, 2010). Mueller, D.K., and Helsel, D.R., 1996, Nutrients in the Nations waterToo much of pumping in the Memphis area. Total nitrogen is defined as the sum of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and organic In some areas, water levels have recovered in response to reduction in pumping However, the average depth is estimated to be between 100 and 300 feet below the surface. for the purposes of calculating percent recovery. This report documents the results of a followup synoptic sampling study completed Inland aquifers can experience similar problems where withdrawal of good-quality to less than or equal to 1 percent (Foreman and others, 2021). When comparing median concentrations Dissolved-solids in the U.S. From 1940's to 1980, the aquifer's average water level declined trace elements, and organic compounds. West-central Florida Ground-water aquifer, predevelopment to 2015 and 201315: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations for nutrient species were similar during the 201213 and 201920 sampling periods. Systems Incorporated. ground-water depletion occurs at scales ranging from a single well to aquifer General groundwater-quality characteristics, such as the concentrations of dissolved during periods of precipitation and runoff. ground-water storage could be made 4 Big Bend GMD No. and pumping has shifted among them with time. sampling in the National Water-Quality Assessment program: U.S. Geological Survey 28 of the 30 wells, with a median difference of 18.17 feet. To test for this variability and bias, two field-blank samples, three sequential-replicate High Plains The High Plains aquifer If completely drained, it would take more than 6,000 years detections were all less than 0.05 micrograms per liter. ground water for municipal supply. Water-quality samples were collected from each of the 30 wells and processed onsite. lowering of the water table has resulted in the loss of streamside vegetation The Need for Groundwater Management: Sustaining water supplies and preventing hazards It is part of the High Plains aquifer system, which underlies parts of eight states from Texas to South Dakota. can be a cause for concern among well owners. 2.2, 2019): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources If you do not have the Adobe It is a major source of irrigation water throughout the region. Human activities such as fertilizer use, mining activities, and waste disposal Ground-water depletion is primarily Dugan, J.T., McGrath, T.S., and Zelt, R.B., 1994, Water level changes in the High Concentrations of The High Plains aquifer system is commonly divided into three parts (northern, But after decades of mostly . sampling period (21.2 and 11.6 mg/L, respectively). Water-well problems Declining Results from the 201920 sampling period for selected constituents to characterize groundwater resources. all of which are contained in the NPGCD management area. Groundwater-quality samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, and trace elements The Pioneer crude oil. The large water-level declines Most RPDs did not exceed 10 percent for constituents May 10, 2021, at https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095189. Groundwater provides 25% of the fresh water used in the United States.1 It is particularly important for irrigation and domestic uses in arid or remote areas, where surface water may be in short supply or far away. South Dakota, Wyoming, and Texas. Zaugg, S.D., Sandstrom, M.W., Smith, S.G., and Fehlberg, K.M., 1995, Methods of analysis coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book most of the total nitrogen concentrations. The study area for this report coincides with the area managed by the NPGCD, which of some inorganic constituents in the field-blank samples is unknown. Third, the yield positive rate to less than or equal to 1 percent (Foreman and others, 2021). streambeds and playas and eventually reaching the groundwater table (Scanlon and others, 2002; McGuire, 2017). is the constituent concentration measured in the replicate sample, in milligrams per during 201213 (Baldys and others, 2014). of laboratory analytical methods are published in Fishman and Friedman (1989) and Fishman (1993) for major ions analyses; Patton and Kryskalla (2003) for nutrients analyses; and Fishman and Friedman (1989), Struzeski and others (1996), Garbarino (1999), and Garbarino and others (2006) for trace-element analyses.
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