A mandapa is an entry hallway connected with a sanctuary. nishakansiram@gmail.com / tonykasipersad@gmail.com, Arya Yuvak Sabha ABH Ms J D Niranjan 031 362 5332/032 533 8509 [59], Nashik Maharashtra temple, cross section and plan (1910 sketch), Bhubneshwar Odisha, a smaller temple plan. The central square(s) of the 64 is dedicated to the Brahman (not to be confused with Brahmin), and are called Brahma padas.[2]. The circle of mandala circumscribes the square. The interior of the auditorium is magnificent with a classic high ceiling, a trendy center light and numerous spot lights. preya.mymail@gmail.com, Phoenix Hindi Patshala Alagarkoil temple gets modern kitchen - The Hindu bennideenr@gmail.com The Westrand Hindu Cultural Ashram - Hindi Classes. Omelia Maharaj 031 409 3912/074 603 4794 Public Kali Temple - Johannesburg. RandburgHinduTemple (@RHT0013) | Twitter A kosagrha or "fire-house" is a temple construction typically with a saddle-shaped roof, used to house the valuables belonging to the deity or to cook for the deity. For rituals and prayers, this chamber frequently has an open space that can be . [citation needed]. Mr A D Singh 031 578 3992 Meena Mothilal 0845992238 [2] All the cosmic elements that create and celebrate life in Hindu pantheon, are present in a Hindu templefrom fire to water, from images of nature to deities, from the feminine to the masculine, from kama to artha, from the fleeting sounds and incense smells to Purushathe eternal nothingness yet universalityis part of a Hindu temple architecture. In smaller temples, the Paisachika pada is not part of the temple superstructure, but may be on the boundary of the temple or just symbolically represented. Later, much of this freedom was lost as iconography became more standardized and the demand for iconometry consistency increased. Dr Manoharan 083 657 2553 I am Sanatani Hindu and I don't differentiate between any gods (as we all Hindus know, we have 33 koti of Devi-Devtas) so any Hindu temple is for me, is medium to connect with god. vee@shereno.co.za, Midrand Hindu Dharma Sabha [63] Though great masters probably had assistants to help complete principal images in a temple, the reliefs panels in a Hindu temple were "almost certainly the inspiration of a single artist". He said, With the migration of Hindu communities from historically segregated areas to areas in the north, there is a dire need for facilities like this. Shiva temple, the largest main temple is towering to 47 metre-high (154ft). Durga Maa Puja / Kali Maa Puja / Porridge Prayer / Sacrificial Puja / Goat Prayers / Goat Cutter. These ratios are exact, suggesting the architect intended to use these harmonic ratios, and the rectangle pattern was not a mistake, nor an arbitrary approximation. Many regional styles developed, very often following political divisions, as large temples were typically built with royal patronage. Henry Ramkissoon 084 582 1144 The community center also offers exceptional decorations in Indian and multi-cultural styles with colorful flower arrangements, garlands, beads, artistic sculptures, lamps and other ornaments all types of events. Weekly Hindi, Music and Dance classes also available. Chalukya Architecture of temples at Aihole and Pattadakal, Prambanan, an example of Indonesian temple architecture, Toggle Various styles of architecture subsection. HTS Auditorium - HTS Community Center - Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Krithieka Maharaj 0846005145 They were probably dedicated to a sun god, Shiva and Vishnu. Finally at the very centre of Brahma padas is Garbhagruha(Garbha- Centre, gruha- house; literally the centre of the house) (Purusa Space), signifying Universal Principle present in everything and everyone. Randburg is an area located in the Gauteng province of South Africa.Formerly a separate municipality, its administration devolved to the newly created City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality, along with neighbouring Sandton and Roodepoort, in the late 1990s.During the transitional period of 1996-2000, Randburg was part of the Northern Metropolitan Local Council (MLC). Bose RoomMatch Array, Community speakers and sub-woofers. The main entrance usually adorned with elevated causeway with cruciform terrace. [63] This "presumably reflected the influence of brahman theologians" states Michell, and the "increasing dependence of the artist upon the brahmins" on suitable forms of sacred images. During this period, the distinctive very tall gopuram gatehouse, (actually a late development, from the 12th century or later), was typically added to older large temples. [6], The Hindu text Sthapatya Veda describes many plans and styles of temples of which the following are found in other derivative literature: Chaturasra (square), Ashtasra (octagonal), Vritta (circular), Ayatasra (rectangular), Ayata Ashtasra (rectangular-octagonal fusion), Ayata Vritta (elliptical), Hasti Prishta (apsidal), Dwayasra Vrita (rectangular-circular fusion); in Tamil literature, the Prana Vikara (shaped like a Tamil Om sign, ) is also found. Psyche your senses for a fully exhilarating experience. Apart from temples they are also well known for ornate stepped wells (Pushkarni) which served as ritual bathing places, many of which are well preserved in Lakkundi. Mandala means circle, Purusha is universal essence at the core of Hindu tradition, while Vastu means the dwelling structure. New temple will be built in a 'most respectful manner' - Randburg Sun - temples durbanhindutemple@telkomsa.net, Hindi Vidya Sabha bprithipal@gmail.com, Lower Tugela Sabha Patshala [65][67] The style now called Vesara bridges and combines elements of the Nagara and the Dravida styles, it probably reflects one of the other extinct schools. The Gadag style of architecture is also called Western Chalukya architecture. Shyma Ramnarain 0315007808 sharmillaseetal@gmail.com, Crossmead Primary School [96] Since then it has continued in use in Jain and some Hindu temples, and from the late 20th century has spread to temples built outside India by both the Jain diaspora and Hindus. 7 Hilliard Road, Morehill 1511 Randburg Hindu Temple - - Facebook [34][35] The art of Western Chalukyas is sometimes called the "Gadag style" after the number of ornate temples they built in the Tungabhadra Krishna River doab region of present-day Gadag district in Karnataka. 44 Simla Street, Shallcross 4093 Hindu temple and Cultural centre set up to meet the religious, spiritual and cultural needs of the growing community of Randburg [52] The design lays out a Hindu temple in a symmetrical, self-repeating structure derived from central beliefs, myths, cardinality and mathematical principles. 183 Umhlangane Road, Avoca 4051 P O Box 27283, Port Elizabeth 6057 Best Hindu Temples in Livingston, NJ 07039 - Hindu Swaminarayan Temple & Cultural Center, Sri Venkateswatera Temple, ISKCON of New Jersey, Sri Satyanarayan Dham, BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir - Edison, BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir - Parsippany, Shree Swaminarayan Temple, ISKCON Of Central New Jersey, Sai Datta Peetham, Sri Venkateswara Canteen -Balaji Temple cafe The Lad Khan Temple is the oldest. [15] The archaeologists found an ancient elliptical foundation, extensive floor and plinth produced from burnt bricks. - temples [63], The ancient Hindu texts on architecture such as Brihatsamhita and others, states Michell, classify temples into five orders based on their typological features: Nagara, Dravida, Vesara, ellipse and rectangle. - carports. . Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. read more, "Stopped here after lunch today. We welcome you to visit the community center and the auditorium for a guided tour of the facility. My wife had previously been here for a group tour with some friends. New Temple will be the hub of - Randburg Hindu Temple | Facebook [2] The square is divided into perfect square grids. Local news News New temple will be built in a 'most respectful manner' NORTH RIDING - North Riding residents were informed of how the new BAPS Hindu temple on Witkoppen Road will be built at a public meeting. 083 369 5117, Port Elizabeth Hindi Patshala The Visual Computer, 5(4), 243-258. Other scholars question whether big temples and complex symmetric architecture or sculpture with consistent themes and common iconography across distant sites, over many centuries, could have been built by artists and architects without adequate theory, shared terminology and tools, and if so how. The Indic tradition of Hindu-Buddhist architecture recognize the concept of arranging elements in three parts or three elements. We have discussed the Hindu religion and he has often encouraged me to visit the Sri Venkateswara Temple. HTS Auditorium. The extra-large stage of the auditorium is setup with multiple curtains in theatrical style, and tastefully decorated with recessed lights. Pt B Behadar 031 403 2173 The auditorium is complete with two greenrooms, modern restrooms for men and women, elevator and wheelchair access. There is a Sikh Temple right before" read more. However this temple is not wheelchair accessible. urmillam@gmail.com / rippleeffect@telkomsa.net, Sri Hindi Niketan Private & Professional events. HTS Community Center. Anitha Rambilass 031 569 3249 Angkorian builders mainly used sandstone and laterite as temple building materials. HTS Community Center. 125 or write to cc@nyganeshtemple.org for inquiries, visits and booking. The temple layout, especially in central Java period, incorporated mandala temple plan arrangements and also the typical high towering spires of Hindu temples. Hire Randburg Pros for temples today. Beneath the mandala's central square(s) is the space for the formless shapeless all pervasive all connecting Universal Spirit, the Purusha. Their horizontal plan regulates the vertical form. A Hindu temple is a symbolic reconstruction of the universe and universal principles that make everything in its function. Dance and music arangetrams. shaktimaharajsm@gmail.com, Copyright 2017 Hindi Shiksha Sangh South Africa|Powered by. When we looked at the placement of the structure, we tried to place it as far away as possible from the edges of the residential neighbourhood. Western Chalukya architecture linked between the Badami Chalukya Architecture of the 8th century and the Hoysala architecture popularised in the 13th century. wall that separates an inner zone of temple ground from an outer zone; typically concentric, defensive and fortified, a feature added after the wars and plunders starting in the 14th-century, entablature, horizontal superstructure of bands and moldings above column capitals, sometimes functions as a parapet of a storey, a facet or vertical offset projection on the plan of the sanctum and. Large and well-equipped greenrooms. Compare quotes from up to 5 local professionals for temples. Before you plan to go to temple, you should take a shower or bath. - temples 1:00. nareshamichand108@gmail.com, Hayfields Hindu Organisation Sri Radha Krishna Temple Hindi School Write Review. Hindu religion is not a loud and noisy religion, they believe in meditation and yoga, and prayers and chanting is a sombre and respectful occasion.. If water is neither present naturally nor by design, water is symbolically present at the consecration of temple or the deity. The community center also houses two large halls for dinners, pre and post-event functions and get-togethers. 2012-2023 Snupit Pty Ltd. All rights reserved. Tell others about it with a SNUPIT review! P.O. Slugfest after officials enter Tamil Nadu's Chidambaram temple [2] The devotees, as they walk around in clockwise fashion through this ambulatory to complete Parikrama (or Pradakshina), walk between good on inner side and evil on the outer side. praths_1@gmail.com / rishipaul.m@gmail.com, Merebank Woonathee Sabha Request for Hindu Religious Organisations. T D Sirkissoon 031 566 5265/082 859 1798 [69] According to George Michell an art historian and professor specializing in Hindu Architecture, the theory and the creative field practice likely co-evolved, and the construction workers and artists building complex temples likely consulted the theoreticians when they needed to. The editorial team is headed by the editor, Aimee McGill. They reassembled the elements with their own creative interpretations. Randburg Hindu Temple - - Facebook Our Buddha statues are handcrafted from stone, bronze, brass, marble and wood each made by Asian artists. 0318113991@neomail.co.za, Hillgrove Hindu Society In a Hindu temple's structure of symmetry and concentric squares, each concentric layer has significance. Ms D Harrypersad 031 404 4134 dprithipal@webmail.co.za, Howick Hindi Patshala It was revealed by Bhagwan Swaminarayan (1781-1830) in the late 18th century and established in 1907 by Shastriji Maharaj (1865-1951). If you are attending with an individual in a wheelchair then you should not visit as they will be unable to get into the building." The Hindu temples found in Southeast Asia are more conservative and far more strongly link the Mount Meru-related cosmological elements of Indian thought than the Hindu temples found in the subcontinent. grmanoharan@webmail.co.za, East London Hindi Patshala This is the main deity image, and this varies with each temple. Stylish reception area. P O Box 233, Izinga Ridge, Umhlanga Cultural events. 1 Wash yourself before visiting a temple. A Hindu temple has a Shikhara (Vimana or Spire) that rises symmetrically above the central core of the temple. These are some highly rated hindu temples near Livingston, NJ: What are some hindu temples with a large number of reviews near Livingston, NJ? Sashi Baijnath 032 552 5056/0837777496 In practice most temples are built as part of a village or town. New Temple will be the hub of Hindu religious and cultural activities in the Randburg Region, meeting needs of all major sects, and regional cultural groups. Subsequently, the design, plan and layout of the temple follows the rule of space allocation within three elements; commonly identified as foot (base), body (centre), and head (roof). [1], Hindu temple architecture reflects a synthesis of arts, the ideals of dharma, values and the way of life cherished under Hinduism. Good day I would like to do a wedding with 20 ppl can we do it in the shrine of so what will be How would you like to receive your quote? According to Michell, it is as if the Southeast Asian architects learned from "the theoretical prescriptions about temple building" from Indian texts, but never saw one. Cultural Events of community organizations. romillaramgathi@yahoo.com P.O. The name is a composite Sanskrit word with three of the most important components of the plan. These building types are typical for Hindu temples in general; the classification is valid not only for the architecture of Champa, but also for other architectural traditions of Greater India. Get Started. In Aihole, known as the "Cradle of Indian architecture," there are over 150 temples scattered around the village. It is a structure designed to bring human beings and gods together through worship, sacrifice, and devotion. G.O. Pta. The plan described for each include square, octagonal and apsidal. Pt Kiran Satgoor 033 391 1714/083 652 7433 ajith.raghubar@defy.co.za, Cavendish Hindi Patshala Presonus StudioLive and Mackie audio consoles. Hindu temple and Cultural centre set up to meet the religious, spiritual and cultural needs of the growing community of Randburg [43] Notable examples of Southeast Asian Hindu temple architecture are the Shivaist Prambanan Trimurti temple compound in Java, Indonesia (9th century),[44] and the Vishnuite Angkor Wat in Cambodia (12th century). All "Hindu Temples" results in Livingston, NJ 07039, "I don't think I am able to review temples. Ms Priya 031 269 3421/086 683 4800 [45], A Hindu temple is a symmetry-driven structure, with many variations, on a square grid of padas, depicting perfect geometric shapes such as circles and squares. P O Box 448, Nagina 3604 18 talking about this. Theravada Buddhism prevailed in many parts of the South-East Asia, except Malaysia and Indonesia where Islam displaced them both. vedicd@gmail.com, PMB Sanathan Ved Dharam Sabha Ms Beena Sudu 032 044 2096/073 922 7121 Large greenrooms. The style developed large pillared halls, many open at the sides, with Jain temples often having one closed and two pillared halls in sequence on the main axis leading to the shrine. New Vrindabans Holy Name Immersion 2023 with Sacinandana Swami, Prabhupada's Palace of Gold, New Vrindaban, WV, USA. crossmeadprimary@telkomsa.net, SSRS Hindi Patshala This symbolism is also found among Greek and other ancient civilizations, through the gnomon. The vertical dimension's cupola or dome is designed as a pyramid, conical or other mountain-like shape, once again using principle of concentric circles and squares (see below). 12 Bayat Road, Raisethorpe 3210 hps@gmail.co.za, Newcastle Hindi Gyan Sabha 77 Selborne Green, Ashley Rd, Berea, 28 Hans Schoeman Malanshof Randburg 2194: Randburg Hindu Temple: Gauteng: Randburg: 47 Neeron Road Blairgowrie Randburg 2194: Sanathan Shakti Society: Gauteng: Ekurhuleni: 39 Toermalyn Drive Croydon Kempton Park: Sanathan Ved Dharma Sabha: Gauteng: PO Box 175, Lenasia, 1820: Shree Pretoria Hindu Seva Samaj: [60] The building tradition was typically transmitted within families from one generation to the next, and this knowledge was jealously guarded. Box 56597 Chatsworth 4030 In particular the style is used in India and abroad by the Swaminarayan sect. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Large temples may have many interconnected mandapas. Each supports the other. Before the 14th century, the Khmer Empire flourished in present-day Cambodia with its influence extended to most of mainland Southeast Asia. It is one of the" read more, "Beautiful home for the deities. 6 Jewerlall Road, Northdale 3201 [2] The specific process is left to the devotee's school of belief. The temple is a place for Tirthapilgrimage. [36] Their temple building reached its maturity and culmination in the 12th century, with over a hundred temples built across the deccan, more than half of them in present-day Karnataka. Pls, visit if you get some time. [2] These harmonious places were recommended in these texts with the explanation that such are the places where gods play, and thus the best site for Hindu temples.[2][46]. Who We Are - BAPS Swaminarayan Sanstha All rights reserved. romillaramsundar@gmail.com [2] The form and meanings of architectural elements in a Hindu temple are designed to function as the place where it is the link between man and the divine, to help his progress to spiritual knowledge and truth, his liberation it calls moksha. [74], The architecture of the rock-cut temples, particularly the rathas, became a model for south Indian temples. Pt Rishipaul Maharaj 031 706 2886/082 726 4229 076 4277371/011 792 4741, Westrand Hindi Gyan Sagar Paatshala - temples Indians Gauteng Supplemental services, such as live streaming, photography and videography, are also offered by experienced technicians. December 29, 2019 Reuven Blignault 2 minutes read [51] Vastupurushamandala is a yantra. Wheelchair accessible. I and my husband had spent 8years in marriage, time reached when he had to leave the country for a new job, when he rea Randburg Hindu Temple | Facebook 35 Gogas Road, Allandale 3201 . Gavaksha (from 'cow eye'-shaped), subsidiary turret-like shikharas on the side of the main shikhara; the primary turret is called, Chala, Ratna and Dalan style Architecture of temples, This page was last edited on 10 June 2023, at 14:35. Subscribe today from R70/month and get full access to our market indicators and data tools, We use cookies to help improve your experience and to show you relevant advertising. Enclosures are the spaces between these walls, and between the innermost wall and the temple itself. The "individual pursuit of self-expression" in a temple project was not allowed and instead, the artist expressed the sacred values in the visual form through a temple, for the most part anonymously. Michael Meister states that these exceptions mean the ancient Sanskrit manuals for temple building were guidelines, and Hinduism permitted its artisans flexibility in expression and aesthetic independence. devikamadaree@yahoo.com, Mariannhill Hindi Vidya Sabha [57], Predominant number of Hindu temples exhibit the perfect square grid principle. samantha.shukla@thdev.co.za, Mayville Hindi Dharma Sabha There was a lot of excitement to get the project started, and in that temporary structures were erected, which did not allow for better management of sound, and for that, we apologise, he concluded. [62] The Brahmins were the experts in art theory and guided the workmen when needed. Deula means "temple" in the local language. The pillars, walls and ceilings typically also have highly ornate carvings or images of the four just and necessary pursuits of lifekama, artha, dharma, and moksa. The construction superintendent was equal in his authority. May be several, on all sides of the compound, serving as landmarks for pilgrims, sacred pools, fewer pillared mandapas in temple grounds (separate dharmashala), prakara walls rare (e.g. [88][89] Chala-style is a hut with a sloping roof, which follows the pattern of huts in most villages of Bengal. Hindu temple and Cultural centre set up to meet the religious, spiritual and cultural needs of the growing community of Randburg vburath@telkomsa.net, Dakshin Pranth Hindi Patshala just a few words- Divine, blessed even if you go in off timing, they have representatives to take care of you and will give you a tour of the temple, about culture, its history. 24 Somsteu Road, Durban 4001 Moundsville, 3759 McCreary's Ridge Rd, Moundsville, WV 26041, USA, New Vrindaban, 3759 McCreary's Ridge Rd, Moundsville, WV 26041, USA. Much temple sculpture was originally painted. 27 Globe Terrace, Havenside 4093 123 Bombay Rd, Northdale, PMB Theatrical lighting and sound systems. Mr Virjanand Garrib 084 491 1039 These guilds over time became wealthy, and themselves made charitable donations as evidenced by inscriptions. [14], In Besnagar, the temple structures have been found in conjonction with the Heliodorus pillar dedicated to Vsudeva. Benoni Hindi Patshala 7 Hilliard Road, Morehill 1511 [46]:68,71 The pilgrim is welcomed through mathematically structured spaces, a network of art, pillars with carvings and statues that display and celebrate the four important and necessary principles of human lifethe pursuit of artha (prosperity, wealth), the pursuit of kama (desire), the pursuit of dharma (virtues, ethical life) and the pursuit of moksha (release, self-knowledge).[47][48]. 3 talking about this. A Hindu temple is meant to encourage reflection, facilitate purification of one's mind, and trigger the process of inner realization within the devotee. BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir - Edison - Mandir info Between the 6th and the 16th century, the Kingdom of Champa flourished in present-day central and southern Vietnam. Mrs Sungeetha Harry 033 397 0992 /083 634 0139 These are normally positioned in superimposed registers, above the lower bands of moldings. [6][53] The square is symbolic and has Vedic origins from fire altar, Agni. Please message me. The Ravalphadi cave temple celebrates the many forms of Shiva. G.O. allowing devotees to climb Kanakasabhai in Natarajar temple [20] The earliest preserved Hindu temples are simple cell-like stone temples, some rock-cut and others structural, as at Temple 17 at Sanchi. P.O. - temple This adorable auditorium is a perfect and ideal venue to host prestigious cultural and community events with celebrities and VIPs. - temples Mr Vijay Bandu 033 397 0846 [60] Other important members were stonemason chief and the chief image-maker who collaborated to complete a temple. 206 Bailey Rd, Redhill, 4051 It serves an invested and community conscious public who are vocal about issues which affect them. North Riding residents were informed of how the Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha (BAPS) temple will be built and to address their concerns at a public meeting held on 28 November. Yes, at Hindu Temple Auditorium, well make your event successful, outstanding and fondly memorable. 5 personas estn hablando de esto. [71] Some materials of construction were imported from distant regions, but much of the temples were built from readily available materials. rameshniranjan@live.co.za, Vishwaroop Temple Dharamsala [73] At other sites such as Ellora and Pattadakal, adjacent temples may have features drawing from different traditions, as well as features in a common style local to that region and period. OK. NEED TO DO HAVAN FOR NAVA GHARA PRAYER, Request for Hindu Religious Organisations. It is also called Manduka, Bhekapada or Ajira in various ancient Sanskrit texts. Get things done with Snupit. Box 74297, Rochdale Park, 4034 Durban Hindu Temple 24 Somsteu Road, Durban 4001 Vinny Maharaj 078 343 2622 durbanhindutemple@telkomsa.net. Visuals of an official from the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) department, accompanied by female police officers, entering the kanagasabai (court in the temple of the Hindu . 10 Croton Road, Brindhaven, 4339 Free price estimates today from 12891 local experts in Randburg for just about anything. P O Box 74124, Rochdale Park 4034 032-533 2405 Request for Carport Installers. Ms Champa Bositsumune 033 391 1266 [71] In other places, artists used to cut granite or other stones to build temples and create sculptures. By continuing past this page, you agree to our Terms of Service, Cookie Policy, Privacy Policy and Content Policies. [71], The style of Hindu temple architecture is not only the result of the theology, spiritual ideas, and the early Hindu texts but also a result of innovation driven by regional availability of raw materials and the local climate. Reva Hariram 031 409 8404 K D Prithipal 031 464 2583 Roshilla Singh 0826856332 rameshsowki@telkomsa.net, Sri Vishnu Hindi Patshala The prominent examples of Rekha Deula are Lingaraja Temple of Bhubaneswar and Jagannath Temple of Puri. The Best 10 Hindu Temples near Livingston, NJ 07039 - Yelp The candi was designed to mimic Meru, the holy mountain the abode of gods. Waste from the facility will also be managed to ensure it is done in an environmentally friendly manner. [46]:6972, In larger temples, the outer three padas are visually decorated with carvings, paintings or images meant to inspire the devotee. interior space of any building; in temples, it is the intermediate space (vestibule, antechamber) between the sanctum and space where pilgrims gather, half hall at each entrance, usually the reception area that connects to the mandapa, assembly hall, grounds inside a temple or monastery compound, a projection often aligned to one of the cardinal directions; typically of central part of walls; decoration or a projected porch for pilgrims; also may be a tower storey projection, a mythical dwarf or goblin usually with a protruded belly and with humorous expression, Garbha-griya, Garbha-geha, Sibika, Garbha, Mula-sthana, one of the arch motifs; it is horseshoe-shaped, found with windows or for decorating spires, pillars and other elements, a gateway at entrance or one that connects two sacred spaces of the temple; becomes very large in South Indian temples, which may have several; it has roots in ancient Indian monasteries and the Vedic word, a trellis, stone grille, net, first seen in 6th-century temples, any moulded base or pedestal for the temple or a statue that extends out, part of platform that forms a terrace to stand on or circumambulate around on, while reading the reliefs and friezes, Jagata, Pithika, Jagati-pitha, Kati, Vasudha, the pinnacle element of a temple, a vase finial, cupola or pitcher, Pushkarani, Sara, Sagar, Tadaga, Udapana, Var, Vapi, liana, creeper-style plant, vine, one type of scroll work; also found on sikhara, a mythical fusion sea creature with fish-crocodile like face, trunk or snout, legs sometimes with lion claws and a tail; vahana of, pillared hall or pavilion, with pillars usually carved; a mandapa is typically square, rectangle, octagonal or circular; it may have walls with perforated stone windows, it may just be open on some or all sides. Hegewald, note 3. - temples Of these, state Bharne and Krusche, two became most prominent: the Vishwakarma school and the Maya (Devanagari: not to be pronounced as Maayaa) school.