how did jeroboam become king

Join our email list, and well send you some of our best free resourcesplus well tell you whenever we make something new. It summarizes Jeroboam's story by stating: Jeroboam did not change his evil ways, but once more appointed priests for the high places from all sorts of people. When Solomon died, the people sent word to Jeroboam and he returned. 24) Naamah is said to have been the daughter of Hanun (), son of Nahash, a king of Ammon (II Sam. Jeroboams action is better understood as a reversion to an old agrarian calendar followed in the N which had been altered when a full-scale synchronization of divergent calendars was instituted by David or Solomon (Talmon 1958: 5657). Although Jeroboam's actions immediately thereafter are not described, he soon came to be seen by Solomon as a threat, and the king now sought to kill the potential rebel. [3] He had at least two sons, Abijah[4] and Nadab, who succeeded him on the throne. (10th century bce), son of Nebat, was a corve overseer under Solomon, who incurred the suspicion of the king as an instrument of the popular democratic and prophetic parties. Establishing his capital at Shechem, he set aside two pilgrimage sites (Dan in the north and Bethel in the south) as shrine centres. [3], He was victorious over the Arameans,[4] conquered Damascus,[5] and extended Israel to its former limits, from "the entering of Hamath to the sea of the plain". - American Standard Version (1901) Rehoboam - Wikipedia According to the biblical record, in the fifth year of Rehoboam's reign, Shishak and his African allies invaded Judah in a campaign so effective that even Jerusalem, the fortress capital, was taken (2 Chronicles 11:5-12). The new breakaway kingdom continued to be called Kingdom of Israel, and was also known as Samaria, or Ephraim or the northern kingdom. Bethel was where Jacob once anointed a pillar and made a vow to God (Genesis 31:13), and the Danites had a line of idol-worshipping priests who traced their lineage back to either Moses or Manasseh (Judges 18:3031). Jeroboam was the son of Nebat, a member of the Tribe of Ephraim of Zereda. His mother, [10] named Zeruah ( "lepros") was a widow. What Does King Jeroboam's Bible Story Teach Us? - Christianity Nevertheless, I will not do it in your days, for the sake of your father David; I will tear it out of the hand of your son. Jeroboam Leads Israel into Sin. All the treasures which Israel had brought from Egypt were kept until the Egyptian king Shishak (I Kings xiv. Others maintain that the account reliably reports the essential cultic measures undertaken by Jeroboam, despite the polemical judgments about them (Evans 1983: 120; Zevit 1985: 6061). Carl D. Evans, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. After this event, he returned and participated in a delegation sent to ask the new king Rehoboam to reduce taxes. "an enlarged people") was, according to the Hebrew Bible, the first monarch of the Kingdom of Judah after the split of the united Kingdom of Israel. After Mahalath he married his cousin Maacah, daughter of Absalom, David's son. The tribe of Ephraim descended from Josephs son by the same name. However, the account is not entirely biased in favor of the Kingdom of Judah. (8th century bce), son of Joash, was the last of the great kings of Israel, after whose death the country fell into confusion and ultimate servitude. Thus he became distinguished as the man "who made Israel to sin." [2] Jeroboam fled to Egypt (1 Kings 11:29-40), where he remained for a length of time under the protection of Shashak, usually identified with Shoshenq I of Egypt. Proclamation as king The reign of Jehu's predecessor, Jehoram, was marked by the Battle of Ramoth-Gilead against the army of the Arameans. 1 Kings 12:25 chapter context similar meaning copy save. These services at Dan and Beth-el, at Gilgal and Beer-sheba, were of a nature to arouse the indignation of the prophets, and the foreign cults,[11] both numerous and degrading, contributed still further to arousing of the prophetic spirit. Anyone who wanted to become a priest he consecrated for the high places. Everything we know about Jeroboam comes from 1 Kings 11:2614:20 and 2 Chronicles 9:2913:20. 13, in which there is a reference to "some good thing [found in him] toward the Lord God of Israel," is interpreted (M. . [9] According to the prophet Amos, the triumphs of the king had engendered a haughty spirit of boastful overconfidence at home. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The elders recommended that he reach a compromise with his northern subjects concerning their justified complaints. According to Joshua, son of Nadav, the mention in 2 Chronicles 11, 6 sqq., that Rehoboam built fifteen fortified cities, indicates that the attack was not unexpected. Jeroboam's Revolt - Wikipedia Rehoboam, fearing that he would also be killed, mounted his chariot and fled to Jerusalem. They worship idols and do not walk in God's ways. [10][20] When he died he was buried beside his ancestors in Jerusalem. They organized against him and began looking again to the south. As such, he was the founder of the northern Kingdom of Israel, which lasted until the Assyrian invasions and the exile of the Israelites in 722 B.C.E. [25] Bethel was an important centre for Jeroboam's Golden Calf cult (which used non-Levites as priests),[26] located on Israel's southern border, which had been allocated to the Tribe of Benjamin by Joshua, as was Ephron, which is believed to be the Ophrah that was allocated to the Tribe of Benjamin by Joshua. Golden calf | Old Testament | Britannica Jeroboam II | king of Israel | Britannica God is with us in our troubles. Despite his blindness and the queens disguise, the old prophet recognized her and told her that the child would die as soon as she returned to Tirzah, as Gods punishment for having sinned and worshiped idols. My Jewish Learning is a not-for-profit and relies on your help. By any objective historical standard, Jeroboam was a highly successful and popular political leader who established a long-lived independent nation and provided it with spiritual underpinnings which, being destroyed more than a century after the Assyrian conquest in the reforms of King Josiah, outlasted both his own dynasty and the Kingdom of Israel itself. After King Solomon's death his son, Rehoboam, became king. You have done more evil than all who lived before you. Solomon discovered the conspiracy and condemned Jeroboam to death. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. So the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh would have looked to Jeroboam as a leader and someone who could speak to the king on their behalf. Judah did what was evil in the sight of the Lord, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins which they committed, more than all that their fathers had done. At the assembly, the tribes requested certain reforms in the policy followed by Rehoboam's father, Solomon. The prophet rented his coat in 12 pieces, giving ten to Jeroboam. I will cut off from Jeroboam every last male in Israelslave or free. If you do whatever I command you and walk in obedience to me and do what is right in my eyes by obeying my decrees and commands, as David my servant did, I will be with you. 13). This site uses cookies to analyze traffic and ensure you get the best experience. The sanctuaries at Bethel and Dan, where the "golden calves" were enshrined, were old and recognized places of worship and pilgrimage. Stephen De Young Though he is far from a household name, Jeroboam, son of Nebat is one of the most important figures in Biblical history. Iddo, the seer, also had visions about Jeroboam, which he wrote in a book that has not survived to modern times. The Beginners Guide to the Bible explores how each of the Bibles 66 books fit into the big picture, and youll walk away with enough knowledge to have a thoughtful conversation about this important book with a pastor, an atheist, or anyone else. God's grace is the only reason why His kingdom continues at all. Their estimated reign is placed in the 10th century BC E. [1] The house is named after its founder, the king Jeroboam, who reportedly had a reign of 22 years. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. For a brief description, see Finkelstein, Israel, and Silberman, Neil, Steven A. Austin, Gordon W. Franz, and Eric G. Frost, "Amos's Earthquake: An Extraordinary Middle East Seismic Event of 750 B.C. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. xii. Bethel and Dan were already established cultic sites. The Scientific and Scriptural Impact of Amos' Earthquake. For example in one edition of the Greek Septuagint version of the Hebrew Bible (2d recension), his mother is represented not simply as a widow but as a promiscuous woman. He seized the treasures of the Lord's temple and the royal palace",[17] whereas the Bubastite Portal lists do not include Jerusalem or any city from central Judea among the surviving names in the list of Shoshenq's conquests.[18]. In order to keep the people of the northern kingdom from returning to worship at Jerusalem, Jeroboam had two calves of gold made. Jeroboam pointed with his arm to the man and ordered his men to seize him. Solomon, however, had incurred the disapproval of the prophet Ahijah by building high places to facilitate religious worship by his foreign wives. Abijah then rallied his own troops with a phrase which has since become famous: "God is with us as our leader". Its anachronistic and propagandistic elements suggest to Hoffmann (1980: 5973) and Van Seters (1983: 31314) that the entire account is a late invention without any historical basis. Jeroboam I was not from the line of David. 15:45b). Meanwhile, the prophet Ahijah also turned against Jeroboam. Jeroboam II (Hebrew: , Yrom; Greek: ; Latin: Hieroboam/Jeroboam) was the son and successor of Jehoash (alternatively spelled Joash) and the thirteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years in the eighth century BC. In 2020 a bulla belonging to a servant of Jeroboam II was authenticated. This was the sin of the house of Jeroboam that led to its downfall and to its destruction from the face of the earth (1 Kings 13:33-34). The prophet did so, and the king was again able to move his arm. ", Rehoboam's mother, Naamah, was an Ammonitess, and thus one of the foreign wives whom Solomon married. His arrogance brought about his doom (Sanh. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 786746 BC, while E. R. Thiele says he was coregent with Jehoash 793 to 782 BC and sole ruler 782 to 753 BC. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the good that Abijah did for which he would be laid in the grave:"Rabbinical Literature:The passage, I Kings, xiv. Jeroboam I was the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, which included ten (ish) of Israel's twelve tribes. Jeroboam I | king of Israel | Britannica Jeroboam was succeeded by his surviving son, Nadab, who was killed in a coup by the usurper Baasha of the tribe of Issachar, possibly because of the military reverses mentioned above. Establishing his capital at Shechem, he set aside two pilgrimage sites (Dan in the north and Bethel in the south) as shrine centres. These denunciations were preserved to his detriment in the Bible, while any other records of him were lost. Aided, perhaps, by Assyrian pressure from the east, he brought to an end the long struggle between Syria and Israel and definitely established the superiority of the latter over Damascus. God pledged to support Jeroboam and promised him a lasting dynasty, saying: "If you do whatever I command you and walk in my ways and do what is right in my eyes by keeping my statutes and commands, as David my servant did, I will be with you. Updates? These ostraca, while unremarkable in themselves, contain valuable information about the script, language, religion and administrative system of the period. A major earthquake had occurred in Israel c. 760 BC, which may have been during the time of Jeroboam II, towards the end of his rule. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The stress laid on the popular election of the king and his initial prophetic support may indicate a northern source which in the course of time was updated by the Judean scribes who preserved it. The prophet refused and left Beth-el. His policy of supporting the national shrines at Bethel and Dan was followed by every Israelite king after him, even the Yawhist zealot Jehu, who wiped out Baal worship in the northern kingdom. Corrections? Biblical archaeologist William F. Albright has dated Jeroboam's . Although the Temple of Jerusalem itself had bronze bulls in its courtyard and golden cherubim both inside and out, these "golden calves" became infamous in southern literature denigrating Jeroboam as an idolater. 25 Then Jeroboam built Shechem in mount Ephraim, and dwelt therein; and went out from thence, and built Penuel. "Based on the tight stratigraphic context, this can be dated to the mid-8th cent. Israels identity and faith was tied to a city which was no longer part of their nation. By the late 8th century BC, the territory of Israel was the most densely settled in the entire Levant, with a population of about 350,000. biblical literature: The divided monarchy: from Jeroboam I to the Assyrian conquest, biblical literature: The divided monarchy, Judaism: The period of the divided kingdom. Geologists believe they have found evidence of this big earthquake in sites throughout Israel and Jordan. Judah had just been conquered and turned into a vassal of Egypt, while Israel stood between the Egyptian and Mesopotamian empires. One of the most difficult issues in identifying Shishak with Shoshenq I is the biblical statement that "King Shishak of Egypt attacked Jerusalem. Broshi, M, and Finkelstein, I, (1992). 1 Kings 12:25-14:20 NASB95 - Then Jeroboam built | Biblia As the first king and founder of the independent northern kingdom of Israel, he became the paradigmatic wicked king. Bible Verses about Rehoboam We read about Rehoboam's ascension to King of Israel and Judah, upon the death of his father Solomon, in 1 Kings 11:43 and 2 Chronicles 9:31. Neviim (the Prophets section of the Bible) presents Israel's history as a nation on its land. But, he went to Egypt and stayed there until Solomon died. God intended to use King Jeroboam to save his people and lead them back to himself. Jeroboam I | Encyclopedia.com The Fall of Jeroboam I and Rehoboam - Ligonier Ministries 3) has the rebels exclaim: "We leave to Rehoboam the Temple his father built. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Grateful, Jeroboam asked the prophet to come to the palace, have some refreshment, and receive a gift. He reigned for 22 years, from 930-909 BC. Biblical figure; first monarch of the post-split Kingdom of Israel, An alternative interpretation of the English text claims, Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on 1 Kings 13, New English Translation of the Septuagint, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeroboam&oldid=1153790569, Short description is different from Wikidata, Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 8 May 2023, at 10:09. Rehoboam thus abandoned his plans for a full scale invasion. When they laid siege to Jerusalem, Rehoboam gave Shishak all of the treasures out of the temple as a tribute. Jeroboams choice of date for this festival was thus an integral part of his overall plan to restore traditional practices in the N.. The realm Rehoboam was left with was called Kingdom of Judah. The change was also in keeping with the northern agricultural calendar. Tools Jeroboam II ( Hebrew: , Yro'm; Greek: ; Latin: Hieroboam/Jeroboam) was the son and successor of Jehoash (alternatively spelled Joash) and the thirteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years in the eighth century BC. 6 Things to know about Ahab in the Bible Clarence L. Haynes Jr. It goes on to state that Abijah "took from him the towns of Bethel, Jeshanah and Ephron, with their surrounding villages. 2 In the hand of the Judaeail writer, the "sins of Jeroboam ben-Nebat" became the yardstick with which to measure the worthiness or unworthiness of each and every Israelite king [20] During his short reign of three years, Abijah went to considerable lengths to bring the Kingdom of Israel back under his control. History: Kingdoms of Judah and Israel | Encyclopedia.com . [21], It was difficult to maintain the Messianic claims of the house of David due to that Rehoboam, the son of King Solomon, was born of an Ammonite woman (I Kings, xiv. The reaction of the people should not have come as a surprise to Rehoboam. He was attended by Ahaziah, king of Judah, who was also his nephew, son of his sister Athaliah. The prophetic party, which at first saw Jeroboam as a candidate to correct Solomon's support of high places devoted to foreign gods, found Jeroboam not so pliant a tool as expected. According to the biblical account, this kingdom was founded after the death of Saul, when the tribe of Judah elevated David to rule over it. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel began to reign in the fifteenth year of Amaziah king of Judah and reigned for forty-one years in Samaria (v. 23). Some scholars dispute this assertion as propaganda designed to discredit the Northern Kingdom. The second Jeroboam is recognized as one of Israel's most effective kings, although his reign was characterized by affluence and corruption that was denounced by the prophets. There was constant war between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah during his reign. His reign was a pivotal moment that set Israels trajectory for centuries to come. The writers of the Books of Kings considered these shrines a central issue in their view of the northern kings, often basing their assessment of these rulers on whether or not they continued to commit the "sin of Jeroboam son of Nebat" by supporting these allegedly idolatrous public sanctuaries. Jeroboam | Bible Wiki | Fandom However, he was advised against fighting his brethren, and so returned to Jerusalem. Jeroboam reigned for 22 years. Kings of Judah were constantly compared to David, the gold standard of loyalty to God (1 Kings 11:6; 15:3; 2 Kings 14:3; 16:2; 18:3; 22:2). They did according to all the abominations of the nations which the Lord drove out before the people of Israel. Who was King Jeroboam in the Bible? | GotQuestions.org In the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign, Abijah (also known as Abijam), Rehoboam's son, became king of Judah. Like several of the other kings of Israel would later do to their predecessors' descendants, Baasha killed Jeroboam's whole family after taking power, thus fulfilling the reported prophecy of Ahijah years earlier. As the new king, Jeroboam had some problems threatening his ability to rule: God made him king in order to draw the Israelites back to himself, but Gods dwelling place was in Jerusalem, and the Israelites were accustomed to offering sacrifices there. Jeroboam died after reigning for 22 years and was succeeded by his son Nadab, who was overthrown and killed by Baasha two years later. Worst betrayal: Rehoboam forever split the united kingdom of Judah and Israel. According to Rabbanic Literature Gehazi possessed a magnet by which he lifted up the idol made by Jeroboam, so that it was seen between heaven and earth; he had "Yhwh" engraved on it, and in consequence the idol (a calf) pronounced the first two words of the Decalogue (ib.). He was one of Solomons administrators, but through the prophet Ahijah, God compelled him to rebel, promising to give him a dynasty as lasting as Davidsso long as he obeyed God. (1 Cor. 1 Kings 12:31 and 2 Chronicles 11:1317 tell us that as part of his plan to reduce dependence on Jerusalem, Jeroboam appointed his own priests, who werent Levites. Contributing Writer 2022 2 Feb When you consider the kings of Israel and the evil they did in the eyes of the Lord, perhaps no one. Jeroboam ("increase of the people"), the son of Nebat, (1 Kings 11:26-39), was the first king of the break-away ten tribes or Kingdom of Israel, over whom he reigned for 22 years.As such, he was the founder of the northern Kingdom of Israel, which lasted until the Assyrian invasions and the exile of the Israelites in 722 B.C.E. [14] Identity of related figures This "man of God" who warned Jeroboam has been equated with a seer named Iddo. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. [2] Years later, Jeroboams son Nadab became king, and Baasha (son of a different man named Ahijah) killed him, claimed the throne, and wiped out Jeroboams entire family (1 Kings 15:29). Jeroboam ("increase of the people"), the son of Nebat, (1 Kings 11:26-39), was the first king of the break-away ten tribes or Kingdom of Israel, over whom he reigned for 22 years. However, modern scholars believe the author of 1 Kings put words in Ahijahs mouth. [23], Jeroboam was crippled by this severe defeat to Abijah and posed little threat to the Kingdom of Judah for the rest of his reign. [13] The narrative reports that Israel and Judah were in a state of war throughout his 17-year reign.[14]. 77a). Every Jewish king was flawed. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Jeroboam established a religious holiday on the 15th day of the eighth month. In that city Joram, son of Ahab, went to heal from his injury that he got in a war with the Arameans (2 Kings 9:1-16). The ten northern tribes assembled at Shechem to proclaim Rehoboam King of Israel. His life was recorded and his story was told by people who loathed him. [19] The names of his other wives, sons and all his daughters are not given. [1] While still young, he was promoted by King Solomon to be the chief superintendent of the bands of forced laborers from the tribe of "Joseph," referring normally to both Ephraim and Manasseh,[1] working on projects in Jerusalem. "The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel", likely compiled by or derived from these kings' own scribes, is likely the source for the basic facts of Jeroboam's life and reign, though the compiler(s) of the extant Book of Kings clearly made selective use of it and added hostile commentaries. "[9], Jeroboam and the people rebelled, with the ten northern tribes breaking away and forming a separate kingdom. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. To the author, Jeroboam wasnt just yet another king who ignored Gods commandments. The prophet himself was reportedly devoured by a lion while returning home, a troubling fact explained on the basis of his forgetting a divine admonition not to accept hospitality from anyone in the north, not even one of his fellow prophets. One opinion goes so far as to exclude Jeroboam from the world to come (Yalk. View of Philistine temple and "Amos" earthquake, View of Philistine temple and Amos earthquake, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeroboam_II&oldid=1156858348, This page was last edited on 25 May 2023, at 00:21. The two sections had acted independently until David, by his victories, succeeded in uniting all the tribes, though the Ephraimitic jealousy was ever ready to develop into open revolt. The Deuteronomists literary framework, which is placed around the account of each kings reign, offers a grand redactional scheme by means of which nearly all N kings are charged with the perpetuation of Jeroboams sins until all Israel had been seduced from allegiance to Yahweh (Mullen 1987). Though the Deuteronomic historianwith an anti-north prejudiceinterpreted, After the division of Israel, Jeroboam I (10th century bc) made Bethel the chief sanctuary of the northern kingdom (Israel), and the city was later the centre for the prophetic ministry of Amos. Returning at the time of the coronation of Solomon's son Rehoboam, Jeroboam was nominated king by the northern tribes and succeeded in establishing an independent nation that lasted 200 years despite hostile actions by its neighbors on several sides. There Rehoboam rebuffed the requests of northern delegates to lighten their forced labor requirements. 48b). [14] Archeologists Yigael Yadin and Israel Finkelstein date the earthquake level at Tel Hazor to 760 BC based on stratigraphic analysis of the destruction debris. The epicenter of this earthquake may have been 200300km north of present-day Israel. From the standpoint of the scribes who wrote and preserved the books of Kings and Chronicles, Jeroboam abandoned the Torah and set in motion the eventual fall of the Northern Kingdom to the Assyrians. The 'Worst King of Israel' Competition | Catholic Answers Attempting to arrest the prophet for his bold words of defiance, Jeroboam's hand was "dried up", and the altar before which he stood was rent asunder. Jeroboam I - New World Encyclopedia Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. That Jeroboam remained an honored figure in the northern kingdom is indicated by the fact that a later northern dynasty named one of its sons after him, Jeroboam II, who would become one of Israel's greatest kings. "However, as for you, I will take you, and you will rule over all that your heart desires; you will be king over Israel. [8] This prosperity was built on trade in olive oil, wine, and possibly horses, with Egypt and especially Assyria providing the markets. According to Steven A. Austin, the magnitude of this earthquake may have been at least 7.8, but more likely as high as 8.2. I will cut off from Jeroboam every last male in Israelslave or free. Occasionally, like Ephraim itself, "Joseph" is used to refer to the area and people of the northern kingdom generally. But theres also some controversy about how hes portrayed in the Bible. One of the few background details the Bible gives us about Jeroboam is that he was an Ephraimite. Speaking to Jeroboams wife, the prophet Ahijah relays a sharp rebuke from God: I tore the kingdom away from the house of David and gave it to you, but you have not been like my servant David, who kept my commands and followed me with all his heart, doing only what was right in my eyes. He fled to Egypt but was recalled by the northern tribes on the refusal of Rehoboam, son of Solomon, to accept the constitutional terms offered to him at his accession. Who Was Jeroboam? The Beginner's Guide - OverviewBible Jeroboam became king of Israel in Samaria. Because of this "sin of Jeroboam son of Nebat," Jeroboam's name came to be mentioned more than any other northern king in the Bible, rivaled only by the wicked King Ahab. The prophecies of doom concerning the fall of both the House of Jeroboam and the northern kingdom as a whole ("For the Lord shall smite Israel, and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river",[29] might have been composed retroactively, after the events described had already come to pass. [15] Shishak's armies captured all of the fortified towns leading to Jerusalem between Gezer and Gibeon. His name is explained as "one that caused strife between the people and their Heavenly Father" (Sanh. God's Purpose in Our Hardships - In Touch Ministries
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