Pauravan fighters were proficient with these primitive but highly effective weapons. But the veteran infantrymen, who had faced all manner of enemies in their long trek from Macedon to India, began almost immediately to reorganize themselves. A Roman king captures his own soldiers and goes back to Rome saying that he won against Britan. But Persian control over the Indian Satrapy of Gandhara had diminished by the time of Alexanders arrival, and India was free from foreign rule. Which strecthes from Jhelum to almost indraprastha. Yes, you are right. In fact, only a few years later, Selucus clashed with the Mauryans and was badly mauled, is said to have married his daughter off to Emperor Chandragupta and sent an embassy to Pataliputra the capital of the Mauryas which led to the ambassador Megasthenes writing the Indika, his description of the land he went into. Ranging from Micro Biology to Quantum Physics! Alexander Gave 25 TALONS (Tonnes) of Gold to King Amphis so that he sided him against Alexander. The mercenaries ultimately surrendered when their commander was killed by a Macedonian arrow. Meanwhile, neither Alexanders physical remains nor Poruss have survived to the present day. The style of history recording in India was different from the way it was done by the Greeks. The truth was that the army did not agree to cross the ocean because of cyclone. We cannot necessarily attribute a high level of thought to the motivations of those proposing this alternate history. AnswerNo. Alexanders army encamped opposite Poruss main defensive position on the east bank of the Hydaspes. Poruss elephants tired quickly, and their charges against the Macedonian infantry grew feeble as time passed. Brother of Porus. King Porus of Paurava blocked his advances on the Hydaspes River (Jhelum in Punjab, present-day). Alexander defeated Porus as u mention, arguably his toughest battle, but had his troops continued, do you think Alexander would have tasted defeat for the first time? What Is the Correct Plural Form of Octopus? Science , almost every parts of mathematics , astronomy, astrology, literature, politics etc. Again, roman Empire is wrong that after Punjab came Mauryan empire. 10. And I dont understand their logic, why twist history about Porus?, he definitely gave Alexander a hard time but he lost, and compared to so many other kings hes Insignificant, people like Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka the Great, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II Vikramaditya, Skandagupta, Harshavardhana , Pulakesin II, Raja Raja Chola, Rajendra Chola , Shivaji Bhonsle etc. ABOVE: Map from Wikimedia Commons showing Alexanders conquests in Asia. I graduated with high distinction from Indiana University Bloomington in May 2022 with a BA in history and classical studies (Ancient Greek and Latin languages), with departmental honors in history. I doubt I will convince any hardcore Indian or Pakistani nationalists, but I am not writing this answer for them; I am writing it for those who are genuinely interested in knowing what really happened. ABOVE: Photograph from Wikimedia Commons of an edition of Arrianoss Anabasis of Alexander from 1575. Arrianoss account of the campaigns of Alexander the Great is generally considered the most reliable. First- Alexander dont slaughter the persians actually most the city that Alexander cross from he didnt cause any massacre yes he burn persepolis city because it was capital of Persia and sing for their roll. Its not the regions jingoism, its the fact that he never even fought the biggest players in India. Atleast be like half of modern historians who accepted that Alex was defeated. And this is also portrayed in the Hollywood film by Oliver Stone. In the answer, I intend to examine the historical evidence supporting the historical consensus that Alexander really did win the Battle of the Hydaspes. Alexander was a blood thirsty tyrant you never forgave his opponents he made it his mission to sack and destory and impose his culture over conquered lands. A decisive battle for the history of India was going to be fought. Paurava And Alexander 2. Territorial control is the greatest indicator of all in war. The list goes on and India had the prime geography and structure to be a world power for 3 millennia. Think again, do some research. The reason why Alexander did not advance further into the Indian subcontinent than he did historically is because his troops mutinied at the Hyphasis River and refused to go any further. Bessus, who was a prominent Persian satrap of Bactria, and who had proclaimed himself King after the defeat of the Persian army under Darius III, was killed in 329 BCE, thus . He led a contingent of cavalry against the horsemen on the extreme right of Poruss army. The Greek foot soldiers recoiled with shock and backpedaled toward the ferry landing on the Hydaspes River. ABOVE: Photograph of a Greco-Buddhish freestanding stone statue of the Buddha from Gandhara, Pakistan, dating to the first or second century AD. He was strong, tall, and courageous. Did the mutiny against actually occur? 12. But these historians do concede that the battle with Porus was the toughest that Alexander faced. This is a foolish support and 100% lie. The troops cast off from the east bank under cover of darkness. Alex was defeated way badly. When Alexander the Great, the Greek king, decided to conquer India, he faced the strong opposition of the Porus on the battlefield.Porus was defeated, but then, he did or rather said something which has become a myth, an inseparable part of ancient Indian folklore. You can read the history for the rest. Please note that India had large empires like the Magadha's, Pandya's, Koshala . Alexander had conquered nearly all of the territories of the Persian Empire, but some of the border regions had not yet accepted him as ruler and continued to resist. I mean, come on, people, its not like Poruss victory or defeat has any real present ramifications. Roman historians intentionally hides many factors, because Alex was considered a god and, seeing a god suffer defeat from a eastern empire, would be a shame. from ancient times. | HC tv Blogs #story #urdustory #urdustorykahani . The elephants, maddened by the harassing attacks against their flanks and legs, then began to rampage through the dense ranks of Indian infantry as they sought to escape. We cannot say with certainty that Hyphasis is present day Beas which lies to the East of Jhelum. We need logic, that would be primary. He had approximately 20,000 cavalry, 4,000 light cavalry, and 200 war elephants. What if Alexander TG had marched on to fight the Magadha - Reddit Alexanders main army entered northern India via the Khyber Pass. maam you have not mentioned so many things. Download Solution PDF. Both Indian and Western historians have proof that, Alex didnt win the battle. Those nationalists etc. (i) After the conquest of the Persian Empire, Alexander decided to conquer Northern India. We must base our conclusions on the Law of Parsimony, which states that the conclusion that requires the least number of ad hoc assumptions is probably correct. Until Partition, Punjab empire has been the strongest and biggest empires we have seen. The only escape route left for Poruss troops was to try to cross the Hydaspes. Maybe the motivation is to flip the dictum that the winners write the history by rewriting the history, which if they get accepted (even locally) makes them the winners. Actually all he said in not right and Alexander not like you love to made ruthless killer he didnt like kill and he lift porus alive not for mercy or fear but for political reason. Roman historians say, Porus was a small vassal. Is it plausible to believe Porus beat Alexander? - Quora The Macedonians arrived at the intended crossing during a heavy thunderstorm. I dont wanna rail road your assumptions or anything, just trying to show the forest. When Alexander the Great, the Greek king, decided to conquer India, he faced the strong opposition of the Porus on the battlefield. A defensive screen of Asiatic mounted archers, which included the famous Scythian archers, was placed in front of the advancing army to protect it. Just dont ever EVER! The Macedonians repulsed the Assakenoi attack then switched to the offensive. Once across, it would face the main army of the Nanda Empire. Ambhi knew about the region more than Alex did. Kings and nobles, fighting on elephants or chariots, were armed with javelins or spears and protected by brass helmets and scale armor. We need a why here. The Most Twisted Scene in Any Ancient Greek Novel, The Lost Ancient Greek Novel with a Lesbian Love Plot in It, Jordan Peterson Does Not Understand Ancient Languages. Western historians themselves on record say it. I submit that the last word is not said in this saga and your conclusions, could be true or could be untrue but your arguments would not stand scrutiny of either logic or of unbiasedness in historical writing. At that point, the Macedonians were ready to advance into the Punjab. At the same time, Alexander led the bulk of his cavalry against the Pauravan left flank. This caused more damage to the Indian infantry than was inflicted by the enemy. They had marched halfway across the known world and they were no doubt exhausted and homesick. These men had gained a lot of experience in rock climbing from the previous sieges of the Central Asian campaign and were quite confident in the positive outcome of the delicate mission. They manipulated facts. On the opposite flank, Coenus prepared to lead additional cavalry against the Pauravan right flank. Porus did not have an accurate measure of the enemy he was facing. The Sogdians had a strong defensive position. Moreover, Alexanders MO right before Hydaspes was to call for a truce with the adversary e.g. The cavalry was entirely composed of light mounted javelin troops, while the infantry included front-rank spear- men, javelin troops, and archers. I have already written on no uncertain terms about how disturbingly brutal Alexander could be. The known world to Greeks included ancient India, which extended up to Indonesia, northern africa, most of Europe. the Macedonians actually make Alexanders mind up to desist from venturing further East? Porus has more than just 120 mentioned in history. Prove your point, to a way. 5. Alexander ordered his men to fall back to a hill one mile from Massaga. Alexander's Entry In Bharatvarsha 1.2. He says the two armies were separated by the river Hydaspes, o. So, please stop this nationalist shit and stop pretending that people from your land never lost to invaders. Greeks say Punjab is a small kingdom. The Indian vanguard fought with great courage, but it was no match for Alexanders heavy cavalry. Oh My Man! Alexander allowed the Asiatic cavalry to fight in its traditional role as light cavalry. Rather than lives of his citizens. As they marched to the Indus, they subjugated each village and city through which they passed. Alexander won a pyrrhic victory at Hydaspes and to maintain his social media status showed the good judgement of not going further. 10. The History by Greeks and English is a pack of LIES. 10. It was Nanda empire, Mauryan empire came after that. In any case, the dispute about Battle of Jhelum does not say that with this defeat Greeks were routed and went running back to Greece with their tails between their legs. A Pakistan Senior Army officer serving there had mentioned, working here is tough. 1. Even this softer version of the story, though, does not hold up to scrutiny. It was Amar who shot at Alex. And, that Porus had a large army and not small. At the time of Alexander the Great and Porus, Indian armies included four different categories of troops: infantry, cavalry, chariots, and elephants. It is clear that Alex surrendered and accepted defeat. I am currently a student in the MA program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies at Brandeis University. These sources, in turn, rely on earlier sources that have since been lost. New Delhi: There is a legend about Porus that most of us have read in our childhood, one that showed how brave the king was. The effect of the Macedonian cavalry attack precipitated a crisis for Poruss left wing. The new Asiatic troops raised by Alexander would play a fundamental role in the upcom- ing battle. Taken by surprise by the invaders, Porus tried to gain some time to deploy his troops. There are many evidences which indicate Alexanders victory but many recent developments show otherwise. He had gradually transformed his army into a multinational force that retained its core of elite Macedonian phalanx and heavy cavalry. Again, Greeks of that time has not recorded Amar, brother of Porus. Nonetheless, since I started writing answers on Quora around a year ago, I have discovered that there seems to be something of an obsession among Indian and Pakistani nationalists with proving that Alexander really lost and that the accepted narrative is a fabrication by the Greek historians who idolized Alexander. He showed little consideration toward the feelings of his loyal veterans. Many others in the Persian army fled to Babylon, which Alexander later seized. All these tribes were fierce and warlike. It was in 19th century coins were discovered which showed that Greek historians were wrong. So, madam you tell me, according to Greek historians, Alexanders Army fought bravely for 4 days to defeat a small feifdom. The guy who was never defeated by the enemies was defeated by his own army men. Why did king of Taxila surrender to Alex? He was king of Punjab. The psychological effect of the encounter on the Macedonian pikemen was unknown because it was the first time they had encountered elephants in battle. are not students of history, you are. There is no way in which this story could possibly reflect poorly on Porus. So even if there was a truce the cities could be named and all that jazz. The Greek historian Megasthenes (lived c. 350 c. 290 BC), who served as an ambassador of Seleukos I Nikator to Chandragupta Maurya, wrote a history of India titled Indika, which was used extensively as a source by some of our surviving writers, including Arrianos and Diodoros Sikeliotes. During the days leading up to the battle, the Macedonian infantrymen had learned of some strange, monster-like creatures that the Pauravan army employed in battle. He had conquered all the land that the Achaemenid empire controlled at its pinnacle of glory. These tribes were the Aspasioi of the Kunar Valley, the Guraeans of the Panjkora Valley, and the Assakenoi of the Swat and Buner Valleys. That Partition too by a person who had not seen India and Its culture. Having a superior knowledge of the terrain, he probably intended to conduct a guerrilla campaign against Alexander and his forces. Thats the reason Persians had warned Alex. . They gradually pulled back without breaking their ranks. The proud king could not accept defeat, though, and he encouraged his men to fight on. Cultural influences can go a long way. Do we say that Albert Einstein was indian?????? What I know is this : And about who lost to whom, Im still not convinced. To everyone: this author is inaccurate and does not even point out the Nanda army or the fact that Alexander had enormous losses in the war. Alexander believed it would offer good cover for his troops. Porus used this and provoked. Mark Twain Meanwhile, Poruss army at the Battle of the Hydaspes is estimated to have included somewhere between 20,000 and 50,000 infantry, between 2,000 and 4,000 cavalry, around 130 war elephants (each of which would have probably carried two warriors), and around 1,000 chariots. 13. Alexander, full of admiration for Porus, approached the defeated king with the intention of saving his life. Of these, the source that is generally considered the most reliable is the Anabasis of Alexander, written by the Greek historian Arrianos of Nikomedia (lived c. 89 after c. 160 AD). ABOVE: Fictional illustration from c. 1911 depicting Alexanders armies fighting the armies of King Porus in the Battle of the Hydaspes. Instead, all of our surviving sources agree that Alexander won the Battle of the Hydaspes. Amar had led one part of army. Alexanders forces had to build a siege towerwith a long bridge and a terrace to attack the walls, but the siege machines were not enough to win the battle. The Macedonian phalanxes had switched to the attack. You wont know, when you will go to lords path. Note: Romans never trust anyone and they trusted Ambi here. The ancient historical sources do not record their exact heights, let alone their exact heights in feet and inches. Porus relied heavily on the Hydaspes, which at that time of year was swollen by monsoon rains and the melting snows of the Himalayas, to delay the Macedonian advance. In the battle of Jhelum, he defeated Porus and in a dramatic interaction between the victorious and the defeated, Porus impresses Alexander by his boldness and gets back his kingdom as a reward. While the attack on Pearl Harbour could be seen to be a defeat of the American Navy in that engagement, it was actually a defeat for the Japanese in so far as they failed to meet their avowed objectives for the attack. June 24, 2023 at 6:35 a.m. EDT. After a long and tedious search, Alexanders scouts found a suitable crossing 18 miles upstream from the Macedonian camp at a heavily wooded bend in the river. In contrast, Alexanders losses amounted to 1,000 men. If, as Indian and Pakistani nationalists claim, he really won the Battle of the Hydaspes and was still ruling his kingdom at this time, he presumably would have been pretty annoyed by Alexander claiming that he had won.
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